MozartV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 000219

Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study

Identifieur interne : 000219 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000218; suivant : 000220

Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study

Auteurs : XUEXI TIE ; Guy Brasseur ; Louisa Emmons ; Larry Horowitz ; Douglas Kinnison

Source :

Journal of geophysical research [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2001.

RBID : Pascal:02-0060291

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Aérosol, Troposphère, Oxydant, Suie, Distribution planétaire, Azote pentaoxyde, Carbone particulaire, Réaction surface, Réaction hétérogène, Variation saisonnière, Répartition altitudinale, Soufre dioxyde, Sulfate, Nuage, Gouttelette, Captation, Etude sur modèle, Hydrogène peroxyde, Radical hydroxyle, Radical hydroperoxyle.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Aerosols, Altitudinal distribution, Clouds, Droplet, Heterogeneous reaction, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydroperoxy radicals, Hydroxyl radicals, Model study, Nitrogen pentoxide, Oxidant, Particulate carbon, Planetary distribution, Seasonal variation, Soot, Sulfates, Sulfur dioxide, Surface reaction, Troposphere, Uptake.

Abstract

The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H₂O₂ is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO₂ + H₂O₂ in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO₂ + OH converts OH to HO₂, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO₂ are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO₂ on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO₂) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N₂O₅ reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO_x at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N₂O₅reaction reduces NO_x by 15% and O₃ by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH₂O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH₂O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO₂ at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 0148-0227`
A03		`1`		`@0 J. geophys. res.`
A05				`@2 106`
A06				`@2 D19`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 XUEXI TIE`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 BRASSEUR (Guy)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 EMMONS (Louisa)`
A11	`04`	`1`		`@1 HOROWITZ (Larry)`
A11	`05`	`1`		`@1 KINNISON (Douglas)`
A14	`01`			`@1 National Center for Atmospheric Research @2 Boulder, Colorado @3 USA @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. @Z 3 aut. @Z 5 aut.`
A14	`02`			`@1 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University. @2 Princeton, New Jersey @3 USA @Z 4 aut.`
A20				`@1 22931-22964`
A21				`@1 2001`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 3144 @5 354000099817060260`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2002 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 1 p.3/4`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 02-0060291`
A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Journal of geophysical research`
A66	`01`			`@0 USA`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H₂O₂ is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO₂ + H₂O₂ in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO₂ + OH converts OH to HO₂, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO₂ are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO₂ on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO₂) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N₂O₅ reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO_x at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N₂O₅reaction reduces NO_x by 15% and O₃ by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH₂O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH₂O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO₂ at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.
C02	`01`	`X`		`@0 001E02D06`
C03	`01`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Aérosol @5 26`
C03	`01`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Aerosols @5 26`
C03	`01`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Aerosol @5 26`
C03	`02`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Troposphère @5 27`
C03	`02`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Troposphere @5 27`
C03	`02`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Troposfera @5 27`
C03	`03`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Oxydant @5 28`
C03	`03`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Oxidant @5 28`
C03	`03`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Oxidante @5 28`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Suie @5 30`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Soot @5 30`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Hollín @5 30`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Distribution planétaire @5 31`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Planetary distribution @5 31`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución planetaria @5 31`
C03	`06`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Azote pentaoxyde @2 NK @5 32`
C03	`06`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Nitrogen pentoxide @2 NK @5 32`
C03	`06`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Nitrógeno pentaóxido @2 NK @5 32`
C03	`07`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Carbone particulaire @5 33`
C03	`07`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Particulate carbon @5 33`
C03	`07`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Carbono particular @5 33`
C03	`08`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Réaction surface @5 34`
C03	`08`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Surface reaction @5 34`
C03	`08`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Reacción superficie @5 34`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Réaction hétérogène @5 35`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Heterogeneous reaction @5 35`
C03	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Reacción heterogénea @5 35`
C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Variation saisonnière @5 36`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Seasonal variation @5 36`
C03	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Variación estacional @5 36`
C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Répartition altitudinale @5 37`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Altitudinal distribution @5 37`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Distribución de altitud @5 37`
C03	`12`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Soufre dioxyde @2 NK @2 FX @5 38`
C03	`12`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Sulfur dioxide @2 NK @2 FX @5 38`
C03	`12`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Dióxido sulfúrico @2 NK @2 FX @5 38`
C03	`13`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Sulfate @2 NA @5 39`
C03	`13`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Sulfates @2 NA @5 39`
C03	`13`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Sulfato @2 NA @5 39`
C03	`14`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Nuage @5 40`
C03	`14`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Clouds @5 40`
C03	`14`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Nube @5 40`
C03	`15`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Gouttelette @5 41`
C03	`15`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Droplet @5 41`
C03	`15`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Gotita @5 41`
C03	`16`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Captation @5 42`
C03	`16`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Uptake @5 42`
C03	`16`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Captación @5 42`
C03	`17`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Etude sur modèle @5 45`
C03	`17`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Model study @5 45`
C03	`17`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Estudio sobre modelo @5 45`
C03	`18`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Hydrogène peroxyde @2 NK @5 83`
C03	`18`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydrogen peroxide @2 NK @5 83`
C03	`19`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Radical hydroxyle @2 NK @5 84`
C03	`19`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydroxyl radicals @2 NK @5 84`
C03	`20`	`3`	`FRE`	`@0 Radical hydroperoxyle @2 NK @5 85`
C03	`20`	`3`	`ENG`	`@0 Hydroperoxy radicals @2 NK @5 85`
N21				`@1 028`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 02-0060291 INIST
ET :	Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study
AU :	XUEXI TIE; BRASSEUR (Guy); EMMONS (Louisa); HOROWITZ (Larry); KINNISON (Douglas)
AF :	National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut.); Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University./Princeton, New Jersey/Etats-Unis (4 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Niveau analytique
SO :	Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2001; Vol. 106; No. D19; Pp. 22931-22964; Bibl. 1 p.3/4
LA :	Anglais
EA :	The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H₂O₂ is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO₂ + H₂O₂ in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO₂ + OH converts OH to HO₂, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO₂ are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO₂ on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO₂) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N₂O₅ reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO_x at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N₂O₅reaction reduces NO_x by 15% and O₃ by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH₂O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH₂O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO₂ at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.
CC :	001E02D06
FD :	Aérosol; Troposphère; Oxydant; Suie; Distribution planétaire; Azote pentaoxyde; Carbone particulaire; Réaction surface; Réaction hétérogène; Variation saisonnière; Répartition altitudinale; Soufre dioxyde; Sulfate; Nuage; Gouttelette; Captation; Etude sur modèle; Hydrogène peroxyde; Radical hydroxyle; Radical hydroperoxyle
ED :	Aerosols; Troposphere; Oxidant; Soot; Planetary distribution; Nitrogen pentoxide; Particulate carbon; Surface reaction; Heterogeneous reaction; Seasonal variation; Altitudinal distribution; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfates; Clouds; Droplet; Uptake; Model study; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydroxyl radicals; Hydroperoxy radicals
SD :	Aerosol; Troposfera; Oxidante; Hollín; Distribución planetaria; Nitrógeno pentaóxido; Carbono particular; Reacción superficie; Reacción heterogénea; Variación estacional; Distribución de altitud; Dióxido sulfúrico; Sulfato; Nube; Gotita; Captación; Estudio sobre modelo
LO :	INIST-3144.354000099817060260
ID :	02-0060291

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:02-0060291

Le document en format XML

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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aerosols</term>
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<term>Hydrogen peroxide</term>
<term>Hydroperoxy radicals</term>
<term>Hydroxyl radicals</term>
<term>Model study</term>
<term>Nitrogen pentoxide</term>
<term>Oxidant</term>
<term>Particulate carbon</term>
<term>Planetary distribution</term>
<term>Seasonal variation</term>
<term>Soot</term>
<term>Sulfates</term>
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<term>Surface reaction</term>
<term>Troposphere</term>
<term>Uptake</term>
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<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aérosol</term>
<term>Troposphère</term>
<term>Oxydant</term>
<term>Suie</term>
<term>Distribution planétaire</term>
<term>Azote pentaoxyde</term>
<term>Carbone particulaire</term>
<term>Réaction surface</term>
<term>Réaction hétérogène</term>
<term>Variation saisonnière</term>
<term>Répartition altitudinale</term>
<term>Soufre dioxyde</term>
<term>Sulfate</term>
<term>Nuage</term>
<term>Gouttelette</term>
<term>Captation</term>
<term>Etude sur modèle</term>
<term>Hydrogène peroxyde</term>
<term>Radical hydroxyle</term>
<term>Radical hydroperoxyle</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO<sub>2</sub>
 + H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO<sub>2</sub>
 + OH converts OH to HO<sub>2</sub>
, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO<sub>2</sub>
 are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO<sub>2</sub>
) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO<sub>x</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
reaction reduces NO<sub>x</sub>
 by 15% and O<sub>3</sub>
 by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH<sub>2</sub>
O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH<sub>2</sub>
O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0148-0227</s0>
</fA01>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. geophys. res.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>106</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>D19</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>XUEXI TIE</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>BRASSEUR (Guy)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>EMMONS (Louisa)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>HOROWITZ (Larry)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>KINNISON (Douglas)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1>
<s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University.</s1>
<s2>Princeton, New Jersey</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>22931-22964</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2001</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>3144</s2>
<s5>354000099817060260</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2002 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>1 p.3/4</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>02-0060291</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of geophysical research</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO<sub>2</sub>
 + H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO<sub>2</sub>
 + OH converts OH to HO<sub>2</sub>
, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO<sub>2</sub>
 are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO<sub>2</sub>
) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO<sub>x</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
reaction reduces NO<sub>x</sub>
 by 15% and O<sub>3</sub>
 by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH<sub>2</sub>
O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH<sub>2</sub>
O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001E02D06</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Aérosol</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Aerosols</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aerosol</s0>
<s5>26</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Troposphère</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Troposphere</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Troposfera</s0>
<s5>27</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Oxydant</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Oxidant</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Oxidante</s0>
<s5>28</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Suie</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Soot</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hollín</s0>
<s5>30</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Distribution planétaire</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Planetary distribution</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución planetaria</s0>
<s5>31</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Azote pentaoxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nitrogen pentoxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nitrógeno pentaóxido</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>32</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Carbone particulaire</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Particulate carbon</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Carbono particular</s0>
<s5>33</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réaction surface</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Surface reaction</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reacción superficie</s0>
<s5>34</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réaction hétérogène</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Heterogeneous reaction</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reacción heterogénea</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Variation saisonnière</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Seasonal variation</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Variación estacional</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Répartition altitudinale</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Altitudinal distribution</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Distribución de altitud</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Soufre dioxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sulfur dioxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Dióxido sulfúrico</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Sulfate</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sulfates</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Sulfato</s0>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nuage</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Clouds</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nube</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gouttelette</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Droplet</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gotita</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Captation</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Uptake</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Captación</s0>
<s5>42</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Etude sur modèle</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Model study</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estudio sobre modelo</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Hydrogène peroxyde</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>83</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Hydrogen peroxide</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>83</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Radical hydroxyle</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>84</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Hydroxyl radicals</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>84</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Radical hydroperoxyle</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>85</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Hydroperoxy radicals</s0>
<s2>NK</s2>
<s5>85</s5>
</fC03>
<fN21><s1>028</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
<server><NO>PASCAL 02-0060291 INIST</NO>
<ET>Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study</ET>
<AU>XUEXI TIE; BRASSEUR (Guy); EMMONS (Louisa); HOROWITZ (Larry); KINNISON (Douglas)</AU>
<AF>National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut.); Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University./Princeton, New Jersey/Etats-Unis (4 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2001; Vol. 106; No. D19; Pp. 22931-22964; Bibl. 1 p.3/4</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>The global distributions of sulfate and soot particles in the atmosphere are calculated, and the effect of aerosol particles on tropospheric oxidants is studied using a global chemical/transport/ aerosol model. The model is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) global three-dimensional chemical/transport model (Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART)) In addition to the gas-phase photochemistry implemented in the MOZART model, the present study also accounts for the formation of sulfate and black carbon aerosols as well as for heterogeneous reactions on particles. The simulated global sulfate aerosol distributions and seasonal variation are compared with observations. The seasonal variation of sulfate aerosols is in agreement with measurements, except in the Arctic region. The calculated vertical profiles of sulfate aerosol agree well with the observations over North America. In the case of black carbon the calculated surface distribution is in fair agreement with observations. The effects of aerosol formation and heterogeneous reactions on the surface of sulfate aerosols are studied. The model calculations show the following: (1) The concentration of H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 is reduced when sulfate aerosols are formed due to the reaction of SO<sub>2</sub>
 + H<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
 in cloud droplets. The gas-phase reaction SO<sub>2</sub>
 + OH converts OH to HO<sub>2</sub>
, but the reduction of OH and enhancement of HO<sub>2</sub>
 are insignificant (< 3%). (2) The heterogeneous reaction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 on the surface of sulfate aerosols produces up to 10% reduction of hydroperoxyl radical (HO<sub>2</sub>
) with an uptake coefficient of 0.2. However, this uptake coefficient could be overestimated, and the results should be regard as an upper limit estimation. (3) The N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
 reaction on the surface of sulfate aerosols leads to an 80% reduction of NO<sub>x</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Because ozone production efficiency is low in winter, ozone decreases by only 10% as a result of this reaction. However, during summer the N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
reaction reduces NO<sub>x</sub>
 by 15% and O<sub>3</sub>
 by 8-10% at middle to high latitudes. (4) The heterogeneous reaction of CH<sub>2</sub>
O on sulfate aerosols with an upper limit uptake coefficient (y = 0.01) leads to an 80 to 90% decrease in CH<sub>2</sub>
O and 8 to 10% reduction of HO<sub>2</sub>
 at middle to high latitudes during winter. Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of heterogeneous chemical processes and in the estimate of kinetic parameters. This model study should therefore be regarded as exploratory and subject to further improvements before final conclusions can be made.</EA>
<CC>001E02D06</CC>
<FD>Aérosol; Troposphère; Oxydant; Suie; Distribution planétaire; Azote pentaoxyde; Carbone particulaire; Réaction surface; Réaction hétérogène; Variation saisonnière; Répartition altitudinale; Soufre dioxyde; Sulfate; Nuage; Gouttelette; Captation; Etude sur modèle; Hydrogène peroxyde; Radical hydroxyle; Radical hydroperoxyle</FD>
<ED>Aerosols; Troposphere; Oxidant; Soot; Planetary distribution; Nitrogen pentoxide; Particulate carbon; Surface reaction; Heterogeneous reaction; Seasonal variation; Altitudinal distribution; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfates; Clouds; Droplet; Uptake; Model study; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydroxyl radicals; Hydroperoxy radicals</ED>
<SD>Aerosol; Troposfera; Oxidante; Hollín; Distribución planetaria; Nitrógeno pentaóxido; Carbono particular; Reacción superficie; Reacción heterogénea; Variación estacional; Distribución de altitud; Dióxido sulfúrico; Sulfato; Nube; Gotita; Captación; Estudio sobre modelo</SD>
<LO>INIST-3144.354000099817060260</LO>
<ID>02-0060291</ID>
</server>
</inist>
</record>

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Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study

Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants : A global model study

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